Tuesday, March 21, 2006

House of Leaves: Unholy discourse

I have never read a novel with so many levels of discourse, nor such explicit narration. At its heart, we have the story of Navidson and his family, though our experience of those events is shaped by Navidson's film editing. Furthermore, we don't actually see this film, but are fed only excerpts from critical literature, which describe the scenes only as evidence for a certain reading of the text. All of this is assembled by Zampano--so much commentary on a film compiled by a blind man! But it has been organized from fragments by Truant, who also reveals up front that the entire Navidson video is a fabrication. Truant presents Zampano's work as nearly unchanged (except perhaps for the addition of the word "water" before "heater"). Yet, from his footnotes we see that Truant is practically a compulsive storyteller (aka, bullshit artist; ie, unreliable narrator). As frosting on the cake, we have the nagging question of how much change was affected by the anonymous "Editors".

Hayles does a nice job pointing out how each of these levels of narration have also affected a change in medium, from film, to scholarly article, to a box of notes, to a novel.

Also, we are constantly aware of the narration. (This book reminds me of The French Lieutenant's Woman, which is my only other major experience with this sort of thing.) Footnotes inherently break our reading of the text for the purpose of commenting on that text. (Though in House of Leaves, it's so easy to slide from the text into a footnote!) Each level of added narration comments on how the previous narrators were unreliable or biased, adding levels of their own experience to the mix. And the text wanders away from the story for pages at a time to make an abstract argument for a certain reading--such as the discussion of the mythological and symbolic nature of echo.

Certainly a very dense and somewhat unsettling read!

2 Comments:

Blogger JZ said...

Great observations about House of Leaves. I'm wondering if there's any possible connection between the intermodal levels (film, notes/archive, novel, scholarship) of this text and the kinds of multiple modes that characterize contemporary interactive fiction and drama. I keep thinking about the director's commentaries on DVDs when I read House of Leaves, even though here the gloss on the film comes not from the perspective of the film director but from the obsessive archivists/editors/embellishers. Do any of the narrative positions you mention leave room for an interactive participant who wouldn't be simply a passive (though unsettled) reader? Hayles seems to leave this possibility open.

4:12 PM  
Blogger Zach said...

I don't quite buy Hayles's suggestion (p.130) that House of Leaves refutes Shannon's model of communication. House is still a separate, embodied text. It's a discrete book, and we, as readers, are outside that book, receiving the author's message through it. Admittedly that message--particulary its discourse--is a reflexive tangle; but, however the exploration of it might affect us, we are not part of that tangle in a non-participatory book like House.

In Aristotelian terms, I suppose as readers we provide an efficient cause. The author has taken the form of his idea and embodied it (through various levels, and through his own efforts/efficient causes) into a book. From the material of that book, we must make the effort to reconstruct, through those same levels and with our own effort, the form of the story. With something as tangled as House, even as "passive" readers, this takes a lot of active mental work.

With respect to interactive drama/fiction, I think users are rarely encouraged to mess with commentary or layers of discourse within a single text. The closest examples I can think of is controlling the presentation--whether camera angles in a game/interactive film or selecting hypertext links.

Your comment on DVD director commentary is very interesting. After giving it some thought, I think this would be a kind of intertextuality, as described by Genette. I'm not sure right now which kind (hypertext? paratext?) since I don't have handy the article I learned that stuff from. I think that user-generated transtextuality is something that is becoming more common. Janet Murray describes something similar when she claims digital environments are "participatory" and "encyclopedic" (Hamlet on the Holodeck, Chapter 3), leading to things like the "hyperserials" (Chapter 9)--authoritative story lines that cross media boundaries and incorporate secondary, user-generated stories. In an online, digital environment, multiple authors can build a hypertext of commentary and/or story, much like in House. I wouldn't call this ID or IF. The product doesn't seem to be a single text; but it's not completely discrete texts either. It's participatory/interactive; it's narrative-based. It's something new, and I don't know quite what to call it. :) Participatory transtextuality? Distributed narrative?

4:52 AM  

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